tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34060550275008807882024-02-08T04:09:21.154-08:00Steven AdityaSteven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.comBlogger20125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-41668249869424483532009-09-01T03:30:00.001-07:002009-09-01T03:30:22.551-07:005 DINAS YANG TERPENTING MENURUT SAYA<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">5 DINAS YANG TERPENTING MENURUT SAYA</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: -15.9pt; width: 1087px;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">NO<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">NAMA DINAS<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 248.05pt;" valign="top" width="331"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">TUGAS<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt;" valign="top" width="274"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">FUNGSI<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 219.7pt;" valign="top" width="293"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">KEGIATANNYA<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dinas Pendidikan Dasar<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 248.05pt;" valign="top" width="331"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Terwujudnya pendidikan dasar yang bermutu, menuntaskan wajib belajar 9 tahun, menjaga kualitas pendidikan dasar, memberikan layanan pendidikan dasar kepada masyarakat secara profesional<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt;" valign="top" width="274"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Melaksanakan program wajib belajar 9 tahun<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mencegah buta huruf<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 219.7pt;" valign="top" width="293"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dana BOS<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Program Wajib Belajar 9 Tahun<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pembangunan sekolah-sekolah<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dinas Pekerjaan Umum<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 248.05pt;" valign="top" width="331"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Melaksanakan pembinaan, pengembangan, & pengaturan prasarana dan sarana bidang pekerjaan umum, yang meliputi jalan, tata air, beserta bangunan pelengkapnya dan teknik lingkungan serta kelengkapan prasarana kota<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt;" valign="top" width="274"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelayanan teknis bidang PU<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengendalian banjir<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengelola jalan<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 219.7pt;" valign="top" width="293"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Memperbaiki jalan yang rusak<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengelola sungai, waduk, rawa, pantai<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pemungutan retribusi<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dinas Pariwisata<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 248.05pt;" valign="top" width="331"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menyelenggarakan pembinaan & pengembangan, pelayanan, koordinasi, serta pengawasan dan pengendalian pariwisata jakarta<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt;" valign="top" width="274"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengelolaan atraksi pariwisata<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengembangan tata ruang dan kawasan destinasi pariwisata<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pembinaan kepariwisataan<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 219.7pt;" valign="top" width="293"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Promosi tentang wisata DKI<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengelola tempat pariwisata<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">4<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dinas Kesehatan<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 248.05pt;" valign="top" width="331"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">menyelenggaran kegiatan dalam bidang kesehatan yang meliputi peningkatan kesehatan (promotif), peningkatan mutu pelayanan, pencegahan penyakit (preventif), pengobatan penyakit (kuratif), pemberantasan penyakit, pemulihan kesehatan (rehabilitatif), pengendalian kesehatan lingkungan, pembinaan kesehatan keluarga dan masyarakat, penyuluhan kesehatan masyarakat</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt;" valign="top" width="274"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pembinaan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengawasan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pengendalian program masyarakat di puskesmas<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 219.7pt;" valign="top" width="293"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Memberikan imunisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Memberikan ASKEKIN bagi rakyat miskin<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Meningkatkan kualitas dokter<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.4pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">5<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dinas Perhubungan<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 248.05pt;" valign="top" width="331"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">menyelenggarakan pembinaan, pembangunan, pengelolaan, pengendalian dan pengkoordinasian kegiatan di bidang perhubungan darat, laut dan udara</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 205.55pt;" valign="top" width="274"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 27.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 27.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">d. pelaksanaan upaya keselamatan dan teknik sarana<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 27.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">e. pelaksanaan penyuluhan dan pembinaan pengguna lalu lintas dan angkutan jalan; <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 27.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">f. pelaksanaan pengendalian lalu lintas dan angkutan jalan; <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 219.7pt;" valign="top" width="293"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menyediakan transportasi bagi masyarakat DKI<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengoperasikan busway, bus sekolah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengatur transportasi di Jakarta<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Saya memilih memprioritaskan Dinas Pendidikan Dasar karena, pendidikan merupakan hal yang sangat penting, agar anak-anak tidak buta huruf, dan tidak mudah ditipu orang, dan dapat bersosialisasi dengan teman sebaya mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-34127904980013462352009-09-01T03:27:00.001-07:002009-09-01T03:27:51.167-07:00IPS | LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN PELESTARIANNYA<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">IPS | LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN PELESTARIANNYA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN PERMASALAHANNYA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Definisi & unsur lingkungan hidup<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Definisi lingkungan hidup dalam UU No. 23 Th. 1997 adalah: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>Kesatuan ruang dengan semua benda dan mahkluk hidup, termasuk manusia dan perilakunya yang melangsungkan perikehidupan dan kesejahteraan mahkluk hidup.</u></i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Menurut Wikipedia, lingkungan hidup didefinisikan sebagai:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Habitat mahkluk hidup<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Kondisi mahkluk hidup<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Seluruh keadaan mahkluk hidup<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Lingkungan hidup memiliki beberapa unsur, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Abiotik / fisik: tanah, batuan, iklim<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Biotik / biologi : tumbuhan, hewan, jasad renik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Budaya : ide dan hasil karya manusia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Fungsi lingkungan hidup untuk kehidupan manusia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Manfaat lingkungan yang digunakan manusia:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Tanah untuk membangun rumah, bercocok tanam<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Air untuk irigasi maupun kebutuhan sehari-hari<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Hewan & tumbuhan untuk makanan dan transportasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Kerusakan lingkungan hidup<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Karena proses alam, contoh:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Gempa bumi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Tsunami<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Gunung meletus<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Karena manusia, contoh:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Pembalakan hutan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Perburuan liar<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Polusi dari limbah pabrik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Macam-macam pencemaran<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Menurut tempat terjadinya:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Udara<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Gas CO<sub>2</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Radiasi matahari<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Nuklir<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Air<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Limbah domestik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sampah organik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Tumpahan minyak bumi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Sampah plastik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Detergen<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Zat kimia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Polusi suara<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Menurut bahan pencemar:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Kimiawi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Logam<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Pestisida<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Minyak<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Biologi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Mikroorganisme<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Fisik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Kaleng <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Botol<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Karet<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Menurut tingkat pencemaran<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Menyebabkan gangguan ringan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Menyebabkan reaksi fatal<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Menyebabkan kematian<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">UPAYA PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Mengurangi produksi sampah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Kurangi sampah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Gunakan kembali<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Daur ulang<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Menghemat penggunaan air<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Mengurangi penggunaan deterjen<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Membiasakan hemat air<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Menyadari pentingnya air<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">HUBUNGAN PEMBANGUNAN BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN DAN KEPENDUDUKAN<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Faktor kerusakan lingkungan:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Ledakan penduduk<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Kemajuan IPTEK yang pesat<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Contoh eksploitasi lingkungan:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Pembukaan hutan untuk pemukiman<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Lahan pertanian jadi pemukiman<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Perabatan bakau untuk tambak<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Penerapan pembangunan berwawasan lingkungan antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Reboisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Penggunaan IPTEK yang baik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Menghijaukan kembali wilayah pantai<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themeshade: 191;">Gerakan bersih lingkungan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"></div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-18731766020626389372009-09-01T03:26:00.001-07:002009-09-01T03:26:43.805-07:00IPS | BENTUK - BENTUK HUBUNGAN SOSIAL<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">IPS | BENTUK - BENTUK HUBUNGAN SOSIAL</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>KUANTITAS PENDUDUK INDONESIA</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Jumlah dan pertumbuhan penduduk</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Untuk mengetahui jumlah penduduk, dapat diketahui dengan cara:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Sensus</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adalah perhitungan resmi jumlah penduduk di suatu wilayah dalam jangka waktu tertentu</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Sensus di Indonesia dilaksanakan setiap 10 tahun sekali</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Dalam melaksanakan sensus, dikenal 2 metode sebagai berikut:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 109.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Metode Canvasser</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 109.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">Mengunjungi tiap rumah dan mencatat keterangan yang dibutuhkan <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span> biasanya di negara berkembang</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 109.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 109.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Metode House holder</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 109.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">Setiap rumahtangga mengisi sendiri daftar pertanyaan yang diterima dari petugas melalui pos <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span>dilakukan di negara maju</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 109.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Dalam melaksanakan sensus, dikenal 2 teknik sebagai berikut:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 109.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Sensus de facto</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 145.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l58 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Perhitungan jumlah terhadap orang yang ada</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 145.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l58 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Waktu sensus berada di wilayah sensus</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 145.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 109.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Sensus de jure</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 145.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Perhitungan hanya pada penduduk yang tinggal di wilayah sensus</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 145.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Survei</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kegiatan untuk melakukan statistik kependudukan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Registrasi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pengumpulan sumber info penting melalui keterangan melalui peristiwa kelahiran, kematian, migrasi, dll</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kepadatan penduduk</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adalah angka yang menunjukkan jumlah rata-rata penduduk yang menempati wilayah sejumlah 1km<sup>2</sup></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Rumus: <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kepadatan Penduduk =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -10.5pt; position: relative; top: 10.5pt;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas> <v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f"> <o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"> </o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 24.75pt; width: 104.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Aditya\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png"> </v:imagedata></v:shape></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pulau Jawa lebih padat dari pulau lain, faktor penyebab pulau Jawa menjadi daya tarik bagi pulau lainnya antara lain:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Banyak lapangan pekerjaan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Banyak fasilitas pendidikan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Banyak fasilitas hiburan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Usaha pemerintah menangani masalah ini antara lain dengan melaksanakan:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Transmigrasi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Industrialisasi di desa-desa</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pembangunan di daerah-daerah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pertumbuhan penduduk Indonesia dan cara menghitungnya</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Menghitung pertumbuhan penduduk</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pertumbuhan penduduk alami:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">PPA = LAHIR – MATI</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pertumbuhan penduduk sosial:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">PPS = (LAHIR – MATI) + (IMIGRASI – EMIGRASI)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan penduduk</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Perubahan jumlah penduduk disebabkan oleh faktor:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kelahiran</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kematian</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Perpindahan penduduk (mobilitas)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Perubahan keadaan penduduk tersebut dinamakan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>dinamika penduduk</u></i>.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Unsur dinamika penduduk:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kelahiran</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 109.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adalah banyaknya bayi yang lahir</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 109.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kelahiran dapat dihitung menggunakan angka kelahiran kasar</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 109.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">Angka kelahiran kasar (Crude Birth Rate atau CBR) adalah jumlah bayi yang hidup dari setiap 1000 orang dalam waktu satu tahun</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Rumus: CBR = <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 22.5pt; width: 70.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Aditya\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png"> </v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>X 1000</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Untuk menentukan tinggi-rendahnya angka kelahiran dapat digolongkan menjadi 3, yaitu:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Lebih dari 30 <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span> tinggi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Antara 20-30 <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span> sedang</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kurang dari 20 <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span> rendah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Faktor penunjang kelahiran (pro natalitas) :</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adanya pandangan banyak anak banyak rejeki</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kawin dalam usia muda</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Anak menjadi kebanggaan keluarga</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Malu bila tidak punya anak</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Anak laki-laki dianggap sebagai penerus keturunan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Faktor penghambat kelahiran (anti natalitas) :</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Penundaan pernikahan sampai selesai pendidikan atau mendapat pekerjaan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Keinginan memiliki anak dalam jumlah sedikit</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adanya wanita karier, kehadiran anak sangat merepotkan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>UU pokok perkawinan, mengatur batas usia menikah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Program KB</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kematian</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adalah berkurangnya jumlah penduduk karena kematian</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Dihitung menggunakan angka kematian kasar (Crude Death Rate atau CDR) adalah jumlah kematian dari setiap 1000 orang penduduk dalam satu tahun</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Rumusnya: CDR= <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 22.5pt; width: 38.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Aditya\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.png"> </v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>X 1000</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Tinggi rendahnya angka kematian digolongkan sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Lebih dari 30 <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span> tinggi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Antara 20-30 <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span> sedang</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kurang dari 20 <span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span> rendah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Faktor penunjang kematian:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Fasilitas kesehatan yang belum memadai</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat atas pentingnya kesehatan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Bencana alam</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Keadaan gizi yang rendah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Peperangan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Wabah penyakit</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kecelakaan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Faktor penghambat kematian:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo27; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Fasilitas kesehatan yang lengkap</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo27; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tingginya kesadaran masyarakat atas pentingnya kesehatan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo27; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Lingkungan yang sehat</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo27; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Keadaan gizi yang baik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Aspek lain yang berkaitan dengan kelahiran dan kematian adalah:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Komposisi penduduk</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adalah susunan penduduk berdasarkan ciri ciri berikut, seperti umur, dll</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kegunaan komposisi penduduk antara lain:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo29; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mengetahui keadaan SDM yang ada</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo29; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Menentukan dasar bagi perencanaan pembangunan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Piramida penduduk</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo30; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adalah komposisi penduduk menurut umur dan jenis kelamin yang digambarkan dalam bentuk grafik</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo30; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Macam-macam piramida penduduk adalah:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Piramida penduduk muda:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">Berbentuk seperti limas, jumlah penduduk muda lebih besar daripada penduduk tua, contoh: Indonesia</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Piramida penduduk tetap:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">Berbentuk granat, usia muda seimbang dengan usia tua, contoh: Inggris</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Piramida penduduk tua:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">Berbentuk batu nisan, usia tua lebih banyak daripada yang muda, contoh: Amerika Serikat</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Angka beban ketergantungan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adalah angka yang menyatakan perbandingan antara penduduk berusia non produktif (0-14 tahun & 65 tahun keatas) dan penduduk yang produktif (15-64 tahun)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Rumus = <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 22.5pt; width: 210pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Aditya\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png"> </v:imagedata></v:shape></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Rasio jenis kelamin (sex ratio)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo33; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adalah perbandingan banyak penduduk laki-laki dengan penduduk perempuan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo33; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Rumus = <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 22.5pt; width: 119.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Aditya\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.png"> </v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>X 100</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Angka harapan hidup</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adalah perkiraan batas usia maksimal yang dicapai oleh penduduk dalam suatu wilayah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Dipengaruhi oleh:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Keadaan gizi suatu wilayah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Keadaan kesehatan suatu wilayah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Ledakan penduduk</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo35; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adalah pertambahan jumlah penduduk yang sangat cepat dalam waktu singkat </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo35; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Dapat terjadi karena:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo36; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kelahiran tinggi, kematian rendah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo37; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Dampak negatifnya:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo36; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pengangguran apabila tidak diimbangi dengan penambahan lapangan kerja</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo36; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Timbulnya pemukiman kumuh</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo36; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Bertambahnya angka kemiskinan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo37; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Usaha pemerintah mengatasi masalah ledakan penduduk adalah:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Program KB</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Industrialisasi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pengiriman tenaga kerja ke luar negeri</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Transmigrasi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 252.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>MOBILITAS PENDUDUK INDONESIA</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mobilitas penduduk berarti perpindahan penduduk dari suatu daerah ke daerah lain</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mobilitas ada yang bersifat menetap (permanen) disebut migrasi, dan ada yang bersifat sementara (non permanen) disebut mobilitas sirkuler</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo41; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terdapat 3 jenis mobilitas non permanen, yaitu: </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mobilitas ulang-alik / penglaju</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adalah mobilitas penduduk yang tinggal di luar pusat kota ke daerah pusat kota dengan tujuan tidak menginap</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mobilitas periodik</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adalah mobilitas penduduk untuk pergi ke suatu tempat ,menginap selama beberapa hari</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mobilitas musiman</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mobilitas penduduk untuk pergi ke suatu tempat, menginap selama 3-6 bulan, atau selama musim tertentu</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo41; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terdapat 2 jenis migrasi, yaitu:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Migrasi internasional (antarnegara)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">Perpindahan penduduk dari suatu negara ke negara lain</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Imigrasi:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo42; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Masuknya penduduk dari suatu negara dari negara lain untuk menetap</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo42; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Orang yang melakukan imigrasi disebut imigran</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Emigrasi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l51 level1 lfo43; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Keluarnya penduduk dari suatu negara ke negara lain untuk menetap</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l51 level1 lfo43; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Orang yang melakukan emigrasi disebut emigran</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Remigrasi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo44; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Perpindahan penduduk ke tanah airnya</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Migrasi nasional (antar wilayah dalam suatu negara)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Perpindahan penduduk dari suatu wilayah ke wilayah lain dalam suatu negara</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Dapat dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Urbanisasi:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo44; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Perpindahan penduduk dari desa/kota kecil ke kota / kota besar</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo44; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Orang yang melakukan urbanisasi disebut urban</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo44; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Faktor pendorong terjadinya urbanisasi dari desa:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo37; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Lapangan kerja di desa sedikit</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo37; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kurangnya fasilitas di desa</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo45; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Faktor penarik terjadinya urbanisasi dari kota:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo46; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Lapangan kerja di kota banyak</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo46; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Upah tinggi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo46; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Banyak fasilitas</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo45; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Akibat negatif urbanisasi bagi desa:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo47; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Desa kekurangan tenaga kerja</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo47; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terhambatnya pembangunan di desa</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo47; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Produktivitas pertanian menurun</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo45; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Akibat negatif urbanisasi bagi kota:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo48; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Meningkatnya pengangguran</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo48; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Meningkatnya kepadatan penduduk</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo48; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Timbulnya pemukiman kumuh</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo48; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Meningkatnya angka kriminalitas</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo45; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Akibat positif urbanisasi bagi desa:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo49; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mengurangi pengangguran di desa</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo49; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terpenuhinya tenaga kerja di kota</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo49; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Meningkatkan taraf hidup keluarga yang ditinggalkan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo45; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Usaha pemerintah menanggulangi urbanisasi:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo50; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Desentralisasi industri</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo50; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Membangun jaringan listrik di pedesaan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Transmigrasi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo45; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Adalah perpindahan dari provinsi/pulau yang padat penduduk ke provinsi/pulau yang jarang penduduknya</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo45; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tujuan transmigrasi:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo51; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Meratakan persebaran penduduk</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo51; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mengurangi kepadatan penduduk</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo51; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo52; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/Aditya/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="12" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Jenis-jenis transmigrasi adalah:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo53; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Transmigrasi umum:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">Dilaksanakan dan dibiayai pemerintah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo53; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Transmigrasi khusus:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">Dilaksanakan pemerintah dengan tujuan khusus</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo53; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Transmigrasi spontan/swakarsa:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">Dilakukan penduduk atas kemauan sendiri</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo53; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Transmigrasi bedol desa:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">Dilakukan pemerintah, memindahkan seluruh penduduk desa karena lahannya akan dipakai untuk proyek</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 216.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>KUALITAS PENDUDUK INDONESIA</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">Kualitas (mutu) penduduk Indonesia dapat ditentukan oleh:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo54; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tingkat pendidikan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Faktor penghambat tingkat pendidikan Indonesia :</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Biaya pendidikan yang mahal</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tingkat pendapatan penduduk rendah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kesadaran masyarakat atas pentingnya pendidikan masih kurang</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Fasilitas pendidikan masih kurang</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Usaha pemerintah meningkatkan tingkat pendidikan:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo55; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Membangun sekolah-sekolah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo55; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Menambah & meningkatkan kualitas guru</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo55; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Memberikan dana BOS</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo55; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Memberikan beasiswa</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo55; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Program wajib belajar 9 tahun</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo55; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Menyempurnakan kurikulum yang ada</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo54; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tingkat penghasilan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Masalah yang dihadapi, sehingga pendapatan perkapita nya rendah adalah:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Lapangan kerja terbatas</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kurangnya keterampilan penduduk</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Modal usaha terbatas</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo57; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Motivasi untuk bekerja dan berusaha kurang</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Usaha pemerintah mengatasi masalah ini adalah:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo58; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Meningkatkan industri kecil</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo58; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Melaksanakan proyek padat karya</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo58; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Meningkatkan pendistribusian hasil industri dari pedesaan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo58; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Memberikan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dan motivasi kerja</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo54; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tingkat kesehatan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo56; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Keadaan kesehatan rakyat masih rendah, karena:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo59; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Kurangnya gizi </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo59; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Penduduk kurang menyadari pentingnya kebersihan dan kesehatan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo59; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Lingkungan yang kurang mendukung kesehatan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo59; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Fasilitas dan tenaga kesehatan yang masih kurang</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo59; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Masih banyak terjangkitnya penyakit yang berhubungan dengan lingkungan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo56; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Usaha pemerintah mengatasi masalah ini:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo60; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Meningkatkan fasilitas dan pelayanan kesehatan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo60; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Memberikan penyuluhan tentang pentingnya kesehatan dan kebersihan lingkungan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo60; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Melaksanakan penyemprotan dan pemberian bubuk abate gratis</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 144.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo60; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Melaksanakan Pekan Imunisasi Nasional (PIN) untuk mencegah penyakit polio</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 109.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-7790885563273371672009-09-01T03:24:00.000-07:002009-09-01T03:24:15.349-07:00IPS | KONDISI WILAYAH INDONESIA<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">IPS | KONDISI WILAYAH INDONESIA</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l17 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Astronomis</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mempunyai 2 buah garis khayal, yaitu: </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Garis lintang</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Garis bujur</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Indonesia terletak di:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>6<sup>0</sup>LU – 11<sup>0</sup>LS dan 95<sup>0</sup>BT – 141<sup>0</sup> BT</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Garis lintang 0<sup>0</sup> disebut garis khatulistiwa</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Garis bujur 0<sup>0</sup> terletak di Greenwich, Inggris.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt;">AKIBATNYA:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Garis lintang: Indonesia mengalami iklim tropis</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Garis bujur<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: Indonesia dibagi menjadi 3 daerah waktu (WIB, WITA, WIT)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l17 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Geografis</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Indonesia diapit oleh:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>2 Samudera: Pasifik dan Hindia</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>2 Benua: Asia dan Australia</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>AKIBATNYA:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Suhu di indonesia berkisar antara 26 <sup>0</sup>C sampai 28<sup>0</sup>C.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Ramai dari pelayaran.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Karena terletak diantara samudera Pasifik & Hindia, maka mempunyai angin muson Barat laut (membawa hujan) pada bulan Oktober sampai April dan muson Tenggara (kemarau) pada bulan April sampai Oktober.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l17 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Geologis</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Indonesia dilalui oleh pegunungan muda / sirkum Pasifik dan Mediterania.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Dalam Sirkum Pasifik, melewati:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Sulawesi, Kep. Maluku, bertemu dengan sirkum mediterania di Kep. Banda, Papua</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Dalam Sirkum Mediterania, melewati:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Busur dalam: Peg. barat Sumatera, Selatan P. Jawa, Kep. Nusa Tenggara, Kep. Banda </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Busur luar<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: P. Nias, Kep. Mentawai, P. Enggano, punggungan di selatan P. Jawa </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l20 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Indonesia diapit oleh dangkalan sunda dan dangkalan sahul.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">AKIBATNYA:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tanahnya subur</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>SDA kaya abiotik dan biotik</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Banyak gunung berapi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Banyak terjadi gempa bumi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Banyak ikan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l17 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Flora</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">Adalah kelompok tumbuh-tumbuhan, macam-macam hutan antaralain sebagai berikut:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Hutan hujan tropis: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Pohonnya tinggi, besar</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Daunnya lebat serta hijau sepanjang tahun</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Contoh: hutan di Kalimantan, Sumatera, Sulawesi, Papua</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Hutan musim:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Waktu musim kemarau, daunnya meranggas. Dan saat musim hujan, daunnya tumbuh subur.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Contoh: hutan jati di Jawa Timur </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Hutan bakau</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tumbuh di pantai atau rawa-rawa</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Contoh: hutan bakau di pantai timur sumatera, pantai utara Jawa, pantai Kalimantan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Sabana dan Stepa</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Sabana: Padang rumput diselingi semak belukar</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Stepa: Padang rumput yang luas dan kering</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Cocok untuk peternakan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tumbuh di daerah yang curah hujannya rendah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Contoh: sabana di NTB dan NTT</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Padang lumut / Tundra</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tumbuh di daerah dingin dan pegunungan tinggi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Contoh: padang lumut di Peg. Jayawijaya Papua</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">PETA PENYEBARAN FLORA DI INDONESIA</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.2pt;" valign="top" width="44"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">NO</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">WILAYAH</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 380.95pt;" valign="top" width="508"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">FLORA</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.2pt;" valign="top" width="44"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">1</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Sumatera</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 380.95pt;" valign="top" width="508"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Pinus, Meranti, Beringin, Sindur, Rotan, Durian, Dukuh, Bunga Bangkai</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.2pt;" valign="top" width="44"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">2</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Jawa</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 380.95pt;" valign="top" width="508"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Akasia, Mahoni, Jati, Pinus, Pakis, Bambu, Anggrek, Rasamala, Kemuning</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.2pt;" valign="top" width="44"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">3</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Bali</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 380.95pt;" valign="top" width="508"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Beringin, Cempaka Kuning, Pala, Gayur, Suren, Cemara</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.2pt;" valign="top" width="44"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">4</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Nusa Tenggara</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 380.95pt;" valign="top" width="508"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Akasia, Cendana, Jati, Lontar, Rotan, Kruing, Kemiri, Kayu Putih</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.2pt;" valign="top" width="44"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">5</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Kalimantan</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 380.95pt;" valign="top" width="508"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Ulin, Meranti, Damar, Kruing, Rotan, Bambu, Samin, Kapur, Durian</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.2pt;" valign="top" width="44"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">6</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Sulawesi</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 380.95pt;" valign="top" width="508"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Meranti, Pinus, Jati, Eboni, Bambu, Rotan, Cempaka, Anggrek</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.2pt;" valign="top" width="44"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">7</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Maluku</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 380.95pt;" valign="top" width="508"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Bakau, Kayu Putih, Anggrek, Sagu</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.2pt;" valign="top" width="44"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">8</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Papua</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 380.95pt;" valign="top" width="508"> <div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">Bakau, Damar, Sagu, Cendana, Bambu, Samin, Rotan Anggrek</div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l17 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Fauna</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">Dibedakan menjadi 3, yaitu:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Fauna Asiatis</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terdapat di P. Sumatera, P. Kalimantan, P. Jawa</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Contoh: harimau, badak, orang utan, banteng</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Fauna Austral Asiatis / Peralihan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terdapat di: P. Sulawesi, P. Nusatenggara</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Termasuk hewan endemik</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Contoh: komodo, biawak, babirusa, maleo</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Fauna Australis</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terdapat di: P. Papua, Maluku</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Contoh: kangguru, cendrawasih, kasuari, merak, kakatua, koala</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l20 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Garis Wallacea memisahkan fauna Asiatis dengan fauna peralihan, sedangkan garis Weber memisahkan fauna Australis dengan fauna peralihan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l17 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">F.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tanah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l20 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terbentuk dari pelapukan batuan bercampur dengan bahan organik maupun anorganik. </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l20 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terletak di bagian paling atas di permukaan bumi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l20 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Ciri-ciri tanah subur untuk pertanian:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Warna tanah gelap</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mengandung cukup air</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Gembur</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Teksturnya tidak terlalu besar dan kecil</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mengandung mineral yang dibutuhkan tanaman</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">Jenis tanah di Indonesia dibedakan menjadi:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l12 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tanah vulkanik <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>, terbentuk dari pelapukan batu vulkanik yang mengalami pendinginan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terdapat di: P. Jawa, Bali, Lombok, Sumatera, Sulawesi, Halmahera, Banda</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tanah yang bagus untuk bertani karena mengandung unsur hara dan mineral yang dibutuhkan tanaman</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l12 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tanah aluvial<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>, terbentuk dari hasil endapan lumpur yang terbawa aliran sungai</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terdapat di : P. Jawa bagian utara</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Berada di daerah aliran sungai, cocok untuk persawahan, palawija</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l12 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tanah humus<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>, terbentuk dari sisa tumbuhan yang mengalami pembusukan secara alami</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terdapat di: hutan sebagian besar Indonesia</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Merupakan tanah subur</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l12 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tanah terarosa/merah , terbentuk dari pelapukan kapur di dasar danau di daerah kapur (doline)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terdapat di: Pulau Jawa, Sulawesi Tenggara, Aceh</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Berasal dari pelarutan kapur, cocok untuk tanaman jati, pinus, palawija, kurang cocok untuk pertanian</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l12 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tanah margalith<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>, terbentuk dari hasil pelapukan campuran kapur, tanah liat, pasir</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terdapat di:P. Madura, Sulawesi Tenggara</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mengandung kapur, tanah liat, pasir, tidak bagus untuk pertanian</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l12 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tanah gambut<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>, terbentuk dari tumbuhan rawa yang mengalami pembusukan secara alami </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Terdapat di: Pantai timur Sumatera, Kalimantan, Papua</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tidak baik untuk pertanian, karena terlalu basah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"></div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-4785735345979994502009-09-01T03:21:00.000-07:002009-09-01T03:21:42.418-07:00English | Question Tag<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #F9F9EE; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You speak English,</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">don't you</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">?</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini-question. The whole sentence is a "tag question", and the mini-question at the end is called a "question tag".</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FFFFCC; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A "tag" is something small that we add to something larger. For example, the little piece of cloth added to a shirt showing size or washing instructions is a tag.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation. They mean something like: "Am I right?" or "Do you agree?" They are very common in English.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The basic structure is:<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">+</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Positive statement,</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">negative tag?</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Snow is white,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">isn't it?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">-</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Negative statement,</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">+</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">positive tag?</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You don't like me,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">do you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Look at these examples with positive statements:<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td colspan="4" style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">positive statement [+]</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">subject<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">auxiliary<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">main verb<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">auxiliary<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Subject<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">are<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">coming,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aren’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">have<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">finished,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Haven’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">we?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">do<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">like<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">coffee,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Don’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">like<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">coffee,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Don’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">They<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">will<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">help,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Won’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">they?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">can<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">come,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cann’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">must<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">go,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mustn’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">we?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">He<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">should<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">try<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">harder,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Shouldn’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">he?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">are<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">English,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aren’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">John<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">was<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">there,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wasn’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">he?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Look at these examples with negative statements:<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 83.86%;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">subject<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">auxiliary<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">main verb<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">auxiliary<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">personal<br />
pronoun<br />
(same as subject)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">It<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Isn’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">raining,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">is<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">it?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Haven’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">seen<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">that,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">have<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">we?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Don’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">like<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">coffee,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">do<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">They<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Won’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">help,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">will<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">they?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">They<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Won’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">report<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">us,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">will<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">they?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cann’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">do<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">it right,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">can<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mustn’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tell<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">her,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">must<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">we?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">He<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Shouldn’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">drive<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">so fast,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">should<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">he?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Aren’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">English,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">are<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">John<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wasn’t<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">there,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">was<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">he?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Some special cases:<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">am</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">right,</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">are</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">n't I?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">aren't I (<i>not</i></span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">amn't I)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">have</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">to go,</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">do</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">n't you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">you (do) have to go...<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">I</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">have been</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">answering,<b>have</b>n't I?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">use first auxiliary<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nothing</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">came in the post,<b>did</b></span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">it?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">treat statements with nothing, nobody etc like negative statements<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Let's</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">go, shall we?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">let's = let us<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">He<b>'d</b></span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">better do it,</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">had</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">n't he?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">he had better (no auxiliary)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Here are some mixed examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">But you don't really love her, do you?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">This will work, won't it?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Well, I couldn't help it, could I?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">But you'll tell me if she calls, won't you?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We'd never have known, would we?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The weather's bad, isn't it?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You won't be late, will you?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nobody knows, do they?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Notice that we often use tag questions to ask for information or help, starting with a negative statement. This is quite a friendly/polite way of making a request. For example, instead of saying "Where is the police station?" (not very polite), or "Do you know where the police station is?" (slightly more polite), we could say: "You wouldn't know where the police station is, would you?" Here are some more examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You don't know of any good jobs, do you?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You couldn't help me with my homework, could you?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You haven't got $10 to lend me, have you?<o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold;"></span></o:p></span></li>
</ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold;">Intonation</span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">We can change the meaning of a tag question with the musical pitch of our voice. With rising intonation, it sounds like a real question. But if our intonation falls, it sounds more like a statement that doesn't require a real answer:<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">intonation<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">You don't know where my wallet is,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">do you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">/ rising<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">real question<o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">It's a beautiful view,<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">isn't it?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">\ falling<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">not a real question<o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Answers to tag questions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FFFFCC; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">question tag</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">is the "mini-question" at the end. A</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tag question</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">is the whole sentence.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">How do we answer a tag question? Often, we just say Yes or No. Sometimes we may repeat the tag and reverse it (..., do they? Yes, they do). Be very careful about answering tag questions. In some languages, an oposite system of answering is used, and non-native English speakers sometimes answer in the wrong way. This can lead to a lot of confusion!<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #FFFFCC; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Answer a tag question according to the</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">truth</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">of the situation. Your answer reflects the real facts, not (necessarily) the question.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">For example, everyone knows that snow is white. Look at these questions, and the correct answers:<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tag question<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">correct answer<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Snow is white, isn't it?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Yes (it is).<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">the answer is the same in both cases - because snow IS WHITE!<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td rowspan="4" style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">but notice the change of stress when the answerer does not agree with the questioner<o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Snow isn't white, is it?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Yes</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">it<b>is</b>!<o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Snow is black, isn't it?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">No</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">it<b>isn't</b>!<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">the answer is the same in both cases - because snow IS NOT BLACK!<o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Snow isn't black, is it?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">No (it isn't).<o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">In some languages, people answer a question like "Snow isn't black, is it?" with "Yes" (meaning "Yes, I agree with you"). This is the</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">wrong answer</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">in English!<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Here are some more examples, with correct answers:<o:p></o:p></span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The moon goes round the earth, doesn't it? Yes, it does.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The earth is bigger than the moon, isn't it? Yes.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The earth is bigger than the sun, isn't it?</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">No</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, it</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">isn't</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Asian people don't like rice, do they?</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Yes</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, they</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">do</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Elephants live in Europe, don't they?</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">No</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, they</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">don't</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Men don't have babies, do they? No.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">The English alphabet doesn't have 40 letters, does it?</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">No</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, it</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">doesn't</span></b><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Question tags with imperatives<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sometimes we use question tags with imperatives (invitations, orders), but the sentence remains an imperative and does not require a direct answer. We use</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">won't</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">for invitations. We use</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">can, can't, will, would</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">for orders.<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100.0%;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">imperative + question tag<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">notes:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">invitation<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Take a seat, won't you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">polite<o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td rowspan="5" style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">order<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Help me, can you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">quite friendly<o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Help me, can't you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">quite friendly (some irritation?)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Close the door, would you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">quite polite<o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Do it now, will you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">less polite<o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Don't forget, will you?<o:p></o:p></span></div></td><td style="padding: 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">with negative imperatives only</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">will</span></i><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">is possible<o:p></o:p></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Same-way question tags<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Although the basic structure of tag questions is positive-negative or negative-positive, it is sometime possible to use a positive-positive or negative-negative structure. We use same-way question tags to express interest, surprise, anger etc, and not to make real questions.<o:p></o:p></span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">So you're having a baby, are you? That's wonderful!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">She wants to marry him, does she? Some chance!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">So you think that's amusing, do you? Think again.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Negative-negative tag questions usually sound rather hostile:<o:p></o:p></span></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">So you don't like my looks, don't you?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal"></div><ul type="disc"></ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;"><o:p> Sumber: englishclub.com/ dan catatan pribadi</o:p></div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-78541498081642346622009-09-01T03:18:00.001-07:002009-09-01T03:18:50.007-07:00BIOLOGI | STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI ORGAN PADA TUMBUHAN<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #17365d;">BIOLOGI | STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI ORGAN PADA TUMBUHAN<o:p></o:p></span></div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="I"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #17365d; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo27;">STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI ORGAN TUMBUHAN<o:p></o:p></li>
</ol><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l27 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">AKAR<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sistem perakaran<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berdasarkan perkembangan akar primer, maka akar dibedakan menjadi 2 macam:<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 274.7pt;" valign="top" width="366"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tunggang:<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 274.7pt;" valign="top" width="366"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Serabut:<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 274.7pt;" valign="top" width="366"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sistem perakaran yang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">akar utamanya (akar primer) terus tumbuh</b> memanjang dan bercabang-cabang menjadi akar yang lebih kecil (akar sekunder)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 274.7pt;" valign="top" width="366"> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sistem perakaran yang dalam perkembangan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">akar utama akan mati</b> dan digantikan oleh akar yang ukurannya relatif sama yang tumbuh dari pangkal akar (akar adventif)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 274.7pt;" valign="top" width="366"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dimiliki oleh tumbuhan berkeping dua (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">dikotil</b>) dan tumbuhan berbiji terbuka (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">gymnospermae</b>)<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 274.7pt;" valign="top" width="366"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dimiliki oleh tumbuhan dari golongan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">monokotil</b><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Struktur akar<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jaringan penyusun akar urut dari luar ke dalam<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jaringan epidermis:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Terdiri atas sel-sel yang berdinding tipis<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berkutikula<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tersusun rapat<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Terdapat perpanjangan sel epidermis yang disebut <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">rambut akar</b> untuk memperluas bidang penyerapan akar<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jaringan korteks:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dibawah lapisan epidermis<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Terdiri atas sel-sel yang berdinding tipis<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tersusun tidak rapat<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mudah dilewati air<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jaringan endodermis<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Terdiri atas sel-sel yang mengalami penebalan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tersusun rapat<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tidak dapat dilewati air & zat mineral<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Air dan zat mineral dapat masuk menembus jaringan ini melalui lubang-lubang halus yang tersusun seperti pita yang disebut <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">pita kaspari</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Silinder pusat / Stele<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bagian terdalam dari akar<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Terdapat xylem (pembuluh kayu) dan floem (pembuluh tapis)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Xylem akar dikotil terletak di pusat akar dan tersusun teratur, sedangkan floem terletak di sebelah luar xylem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Xylem akar monokotil tersusun berselang seling dengan floem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Daerah pertumbuhan akar<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Akar dibagi menjadi 3 daerah pertumbuhan, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Daerah meristematis : <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Daerah yang sel-selnya selalu membelah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dilindungi oleh tudung akar (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">kaliptra</b>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kalpitra menghasilkan lendir agar gampang menembus tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Daerah elongasi (daerah perpanjangan) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Daerah yang sel-selnya mengalami pertumbuhan memanjang dan membesar<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Daerah diferensial <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Daerah pada akar yang terdapat penonjolan sel epidermis yang disebut <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">rambut akar</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fungsi akar<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Memperkuat berdirinya tumbuhan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menyerap air dan mineral dari dalam tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tempat penyimpanan makanan, cth: wortel (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Daucus carota</i>), bengkoang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pachyrrhizus erosus)</i> dan singkong (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Manihot utillisima</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada tumbuhan tertentu akar berperan sebagai alat bantu, antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Alat bantu pernapasan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Akar gantung pada beringin (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ficus benjamina</i>) <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Karet hias (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ficus elastica</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 180.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Beberapa jenis anggrek (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Orchidaceae</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Alat penunjang<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Akar tunjang pada tanaman bakau dan pandan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pandanus tectorius</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l27 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BATANG<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Struktur Batang<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Struktur jaringan penyusun batang dari luar ke dalam pada dasarnya sama dengan struktur jaringan penyusun akar, hanya terdapat perbedaan pada batang dikotil dengan monokotil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fungsi Batang :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menopang bagian tumbuhan yang diatas tanah (daun, bunga, dan buah)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengangkut air dan mineral dari akar ke daun<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengangkut hasil fotosintesis dari daun ke seluruh tumbuhan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada beberapa tumbuhan, berfungsi sebagai penyimpan cadangan makanan, <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Contoh: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kentang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Solanum tuberosum)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ubi jalar (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ipomea batatas</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sagu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Metroxylon sagu</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada beberapa tumbuhan air, berperan sebagai alat bantu pernapasan. Batangnya yang berongga membantu memperlancar sirkulasi udara pernapasan pada tumbuhan tersebut <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Contoh: <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Padi (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Oryza sativa</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Teratai (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nymphaeceae</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kankung air (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ipomea aquatica</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Eceng gondok (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Limnocharis flava</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l27 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">DAUN<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Struktur Daun: dibentuk oleh 3 kelompok jaringan, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jaringan epidermis<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 146.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada permukaan atas dan bawah daun<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 146.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Terdapat stomata yang diapit sel penjaga sebagai tempat pertukaran gas. Stomata terletak di bawah daun (tumb. Darat) dan di atas daun (tumb. Air)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jaringan dasar / mesofil<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tersusun atas jaringan tiang (parenkim palisade) dan jaringan bunga karang (parenkim spons)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jaringan tiang tempat terjadinya fotosintesis karena banyak kloroplas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kloroplas juga ada di jaringan bunga karang tapi jumlahnya lebih kecil<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berkas pembuluh angkut<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Terdiri atas xylem dan floem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Merupakan kelanjutan dari pembuluh batang <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fungsi daun<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tempat fotosintesis<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Organ pernapasan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l27 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BUNGA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Struktur bunga<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perhiasan bunga<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kelopak / calyx : berwarna hijau, berfungsi melindungi bunga saat kuncup<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mahkota / petalum : berwarna cerah, berfungsi membantu penyerbukan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Alat perkembangbiakan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Benang sari / stamen : alat kelamin jantan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Putik / pistillum : alat kelamin betina<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jenis bunga<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berdasarkan kelengkapan bagian bunga:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bunga lengkap: memiliki semua bagian bunga<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo22; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bunga tidak lengkap: tidak memiliki salah satu bagian bunga<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berdasarkan kelengkapan alat reproduksi bunga:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bunga sempurna: mempunyai benang sari dan putik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bunga tidak sempurna: tidak mempunyai salah satu nya, bunga jantan atau betina<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fungsi bunga<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sebagai alat perkembangbiakan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo27; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">SISTEM PENGANGKUTAN (TRANSPORTASI)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jaringan pengangkut terdapat pada akar, batang, daun<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Xylem:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengangkut air dan zat mineral dari akar ke daun<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Disusun oleh sel trakea (pada tumb. Berbiji tertutup/ angiospermae) dan trakeid (pada tumb. Berbiji terbuka/gymnospermae)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Trakea dan trakeid termasuk sel mati, karena tidak dijumpai protoplasma<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Zat mineral masuk ke xylem dengan proses transpor aktif (transpor molekul mineral melalui membran sel dengan menggunakan energi karena bergerak dari konsentrasi rendah ke konsentrasi tinggi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tumbuhan dapat mengalirkan air dan zat mineral dari akar ke daun karena:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Daya tekan akar, karena adanya:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Osmosis: bergeraknya molekul air dari larutan berkonsentrasi rendah ke larutan berkonsentrasi tinggi melalui selaput semipermeabel<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ekstra vasikuler: pengangkutan di luar pembuluh angkut<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kapilaritas batang<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo29; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Adalah kemampuan daun untuk membuat pembuluh kapiler<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 144.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Daya isap daun<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo29; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kemampuan daun meningkatkan aliran air dari akar ke daun untuk fotosintesis yang dipengaruhi proses penguapan / transpirasi, yang dipengaruhi faktor internal dan eksternal<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Floem<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo30; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berperan mengangkut hasil fotosintesis<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo30; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dibentuk oleh sel hidup , sel tapis dan sel penggiring<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo30; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menyambung dengan floem batang dan akar<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo27; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">FOTOSINTESIS<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Adalah proses mengubah zat anorganik menjadi zat organik dengan bantuan sinar matahari<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Reaksi kimia fotosintesis:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">12 H<sub>2</sub>0<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>6 CO <sub>2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sub><sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>+ 6 O<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>+ 6 H<sub>2</sub>O<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Air<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>karbon diosida<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>glukosa<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo27; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PENGELUARAN (EKSKRESI)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Zat sisa metabolisme yang tidak dibutuhkan, seperti O<sub>2</sub><sup> </sup>dan H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub> sisa respirasi akan dibuang melalui stomata atau lentisel<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo27; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>V.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">HAMA, GULMA, PENYAKIT PADA TUMBUHAN<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo33; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hama<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hewan yang aktivitas hidupnya menyebabkan rusaknya organ/hasil tumbuhan tersebut<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Macam-macam hama:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mamalia: tikus, kera, gajah</span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> menyerang palawija<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Aves: pipit, gelatik </span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> padi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Insecta: wereng, belalang, kumbang, ulat </span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> memakan hampir semua bagian tumbuhan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gastropoda : keong mas, bekicot </span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> tanaman padi <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo33; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Penyakit pada tumbuhan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mosaik pada tembakau </span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> TMV (tobacco mosaic virus)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">CVPD (citrus vein phloem degeneration)</span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">virus<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rebah kecambah</span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">pythium debaryanum<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kentang</span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> phytopthora infestan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Karat pada seruni dan krisan</span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">puccinia sp<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jagung</span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> ustilago maydis<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo33; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gulma<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo35; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Benalu: semi parasit<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo35; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tali putri: parasit sejati, mengambil makanan menggunakan haustoria<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo35; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #17365d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rumput dan tanaman liar<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"></div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-84702312679598558672009-05-28T21:12:00.000-07:002009-05-28T21:13:48.922-07:00RESTAURANT CITY HACK!Untuk melihat caranya, klik <a href="http://www.stevenaditya.wordpress.com">DISINI</a>.<div>Thank You.<br /><div><br /></div></div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-9370936881660186802009-05-20T03:08:00.000-07:002009-05-28T21:20:23.891-07:00DOWNLOAD Restaurant City TOOLS V4 & CHEAT ENGINE 5.5Rc tools:<br /><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/4801918/rc_tools_v4_ck.rar.html">KLIK DISINI</a></b></span></i><br />Cheat engine:<br /><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"><b><a href="http://cheatengine.org/">KLIK DISINI</a></b></span></i>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-6467668862202786802009-05-11T06:56:00.000-07:002009-05-11T07:00:23.178-07:00LINK BAGUS!!!1. Link buat Sound Effect : <a href="http://www.sfxsource.com/">http://www.sfxsource.com/</a><br />2. Link buat Game-GAme Gratis (tapi Trial ) Berkualitas: <a href="http://www.gamehouse.com/">http://www.gamehouse.com/</a>, <a href="http://www.bigfishgame.com/">http://www.bigfishgame.com</a>,<br />3. Link buat download crack:<a href="http://www/">http://www</a>.keygens.nl/crack/<br />4. Link buat download lagu, video, dll: <a href="http://www.4shared.com/,http://www.youtube.com/,http://www.ziddu.com./">http://www.4shared.com/,<a href="http://www/">http://www</a>.youtube.com/,<a href="http://www/">http://www</a>.ziddu.com./</a><br />5. Link situs indonesia berisi banyak file: <a href="http://www.indowebster.com/">http://www.indowebster.com/</a><br /><br />Sekian dulu, kapan-kapan diterusin lagi<br />Tolong Post Comment, ya kalau sempat!Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-85265676294997618232009-05-09T21:28:00.001-07:002009-05-09T21:28:59.666-07:00English<div align="center">A. Showing Interest<br />- Really?<br />- Is that right?<br />- That’s nice! (for positive think only!)<br />- How interesting!<br />- Uh huh<br />- Yeah<br />- I see<br />- Repeating. Ex:<br />· I support West Bromwich Albion<br />§ West Bromwich?<br />· Yes, ther’re a fantastic team<br />§ Fantastic?<br />· Well, maybe 25 years ago<br />§ 25 Years ago?<br /><br />B. Superlatives<br />1. 1 + Syllable:fat=fattest<br />2. 2 + Syllables:handsome=most handsome<br />3. End in –y:crazy=craziest<br />4. Irregular:<br />Bad=worst<br />Good=best<br />Far=furthest/farthest<br />Little=least<br />Many=most<br /><br />C. Ed/ing<br />He is bored<br />His homework is boring<br /><br />She is frightened<br />The snake is frightening<br />· Ed= for reason<br /><br />D. Adventure holidays<br />Bungy jumping Scuba diving sky diving surfing big-game fishing mountain climbing snorkeling snow-boarding hiking campiing skiing<br /><br />Adjectives <br />Exciting boring crazy frightening scary shocking lovely amazing unique spectacular dangerous entertaining interesting confusing awesome extreme fantastic fun enjoyable<br /> <br />E. Leisure Activity<br />Invite someone:<br />- Let’s play<br />- Would you join us<br />- Why don’t you...<br />- Shall we(only for I and We)<br />Answer:<br />· Yes:<br />- Yes I would<br />- Okay, that’s sounds good/funny/interesting<br />- That’s a good idea<br />· No:<br />- No, I wouldn’t....<br />- That’s sounds boring<br />- Sorry, I’m not interesting<br /><br />F. 1st Conditional<br />- If we play basketball, I will win.<br />· If + Present Simple + O + Will + Infinitive<br /><br />· Use for situations which are very likely (90%) to come true.<br /><br />G. Will for predictions<br />- What do you think you will be when you leave school?<br />· I think I will be a ...<br />- Where do you think you will live?<br />· I think I will live in .....<br />- Where do you think you will spend your holidays?<br />· I think I will spend my holidays in ...<br />- What kind of house do you think you will live in?<br />· I think I will live in a ....<br />- What kind of car do you think you will own?<br />· I think I will own a ....<br />- When do you think you will get marry?<br />· I think I will get married when I’m ....<br />- How many children do you think you will have?<br />· I think I will have ... children<br /> </div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-36018724126534538602009-05-09T21:27:00.000-07:002009-05-09T21:28:10.118-07:00Tips & TrickTips Koneksi Internet Lebih Cepat di Win XP dan Vista<br />Apakah anda tahu kalau selama ini Windows memakai Bandwit kita 20%? iya memang bener, windows itu sebenarnya mencuri 20 persen dari jalur akses internet kita, kenapa?karena windows merupakan OS yang selalu menginginkan Up To Date seperti SP3 dan Service Pack, makanya dari pada itu dia sengaja update otomatis di background tasking kita, jadi Untuk mengambil bandwidth kita kembali dan koneksi lebih cepat lakukan langkah berikut ini :1. Klik start, run trus ketik “gpedit.msc” (Tidak pakai tanda petik).2. Pada computer configuration - administrative template - klik Network.3. Klik Qos packet scheduler - Double Klik pada Limit Reservable Bandwith.4. Klik ENABLED reservable bandwith dan ubah settingannya ke 0 (nol)% habis itu Klik Apply dan Klik OK. Restart Komputer anda.Tapi semua itu juga tergantung dengan kecepatan koneksi anda sendiri. Tips ini bisa mempercepat koneksi anda jika memakai OS Windows XP dan Vista.<br /><br />Kirim atau Terima Email Via Ms. Outlook<br />27 January 2009 08:37:58 ( Sys Admin TSDC )MS outlook merupakan sebuah perangkat lunak yg digunakan untuk mengatur pesan-pesan yg masuk melalui email lewat protokol POP3 dan SMTP. Oleh karena itu, sebelum kamu melakukan konfigurasi di MS outlook, kamu harus menseting terlebih dahulu account email kamu. Aktifkan penerusan POP di menu pengaturan email yg kamu miliki, lalu simpan pengaturannya. Langkah berikutnya baru kamu menseting MS outlook di komputer. berikut langkah-langkah pengaturannya:1. Jalankan aplikasi MS autlook.lalu Klik tool - options.2. Pada kotak dialog email accounts, klik add a new email account, klik next.3. Pilih jenis server-nya yaitu POP3, klik next.4. Isikan kotak isian your name dgn nama kamu, email adress dgn alamat email, incoming mail server(POP3) dan outgoing mail server diisi dgn:utk email yahoo indonesia diisi: mail.yahoo.co.idutk email yahoo internasional diisi: mail.yahoo.comutk gmail diisi: gmail.comlalu utk username dan password isikan dgn username dan password yg biasa kamu pakai utk login ke account kamu. utk meyakinkan apakah setting yg kamu lakukan betul atau tidak silahkan klik test account setting. bila berhasil, Klik next.6. Proses penyetingan email selesai, klik finish.7. Kamu sudah bisa kirim atau terima email via MS outlook di komputermu.Selamat mencoba.Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-20045437642145435772009-05-09T21:24:00.000-07:002009-05-09T21:27:00.004-07:00Disney- Anastasia- At The Beginning<div align="center">We were strangers starting out on our journey</div><div align="center">Never dreaming what we'd have to go through</div><div align="center">Now here we are and I'm suddenly standing</div><div align="center">At the beginning with you</div><div align="center"> </div><div align="center">No one told me I was going to find you</div><div align="center">Unexpected what you did to my heart</div><div align="center">When I lost hope you were there to remind me</div><div align="center">This is the start</div><div align="center"> </div><div align="center">(chorus)</div><div align="center">And Life is a road and I want to keep going</div><div align="center">Love is a river I want to keep flowing</div><div align="center">Life is a road now and forever</div><div align="center">A Wonderful journey</div><div align="center">I'll be there when the world stops turning</div><div align="center">I'll be there whenthe storm is through</div><div align="center">In the end I wanna be standing</div><div align="center">At the beginning with you</div><div align="center">We were strangers on a crazy adventure</div><div align="center">Never dreaming how our dreams would come true</div><div align="center">Now here we stand unafraid of the future</div><div align="center">At the beginning with you</div><div align="center"> </div><div align="center">(chorus)</div><div align="center"> </div><div align="center">I knew there was somebody somewhere</div><div align="center">Like me alone in the dark</div><div align="center">I know that my dream will live on</div><div align="center">I've been waiting so long</div><div align="center">Nothing's gonna tear us apart</div><div align="center"> </div><div align="center">(chorus)</div><div align="center">In the end I wanna be standing at the beginning with you</div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-63057545486693760422009-05-09T21:23:00.000-07:002009-05-09T21:24:30.755-07:00Johnny Nash - I Can See Clearly Now<div align="center">I can see clearly now, the rain is gone,</div><div align="center">I can see all obstacles in my way</div><div align="center">Gone are the dark clouds that had me blind</div><div align="center">It’s gonna be a bright (bright), bright (bright)Sun-Shiny day.</div><div align="center">I think I can make it now, the pain is gone</div><div align="center">All of the bad feelings have disappeared</div><div align="center">Here is the rainbow I’ve been prayin?for</div><div align="center">It’s gonna be a bright (bright), bright (bright)Sun-Shiny day.</div><div align="center">Look all around, there’s nothin?</div><div align="center">but blue skies</div><div align="center">Look straight ahead, nothin?but blue skies</div><div align="center">I can see clearly now, the rain is gone,</div><div align="center">I can see all obstacles in my way</div><div align="center">Gone are the dark clouds that had me blind</div><div align="center">It’s gonna be a bright (bright), bright (bright)Sun-Shiny day.</div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-69368757789214470422009-05-09T21:20:00.000-07:002009-05-09T21:22:55.424-07:00Immortality – Celine Dion & Bee Gees<div align="center">So this is who I am,</div><div align="center">And this is all I know,</div><div align="center">And I must choose to live,</div><div align="center">For all that I can give,</div><div align="center">The spark that makes the power grow</div><div align="center">And I will stand for my dream if I can,</div><div align="center">Symbol of my faith in who I am,</div><div align="center">But you are my only,</div><div align="center">And I must follow on the road that lies ahead,</div><div align="center">And I won't let my heart control my head,</div><div align="center">But you are my only</div><div align="center">And we don't say goodbye,</div><div align="center">And I know what I've got to be</div><div align="center">Immortality</div><div align="center">I make my journey through eternity</div><div align="center">I keep the memory of you and me inside</div><div align="center">Fulfill your destiny,Is there within the child,</div><div align="center">My storm will never end,</div><div align="center">My fate is on the wind,</div><div align="center">The king of hearts, </div><div align="center">the joker's wild,</div><div align="center">But we don't say goodbye,</div><div align="center">I'll make them all remember me</div><div align="center">Cos I have found a dream that must come true,</div><div align="center">Every ounce of me must see it though,</div><div align="center">But you are my only</div><div align="center">I'm sorry I don't have a role for love to play,</div><div align="center">Hand over my heart I'll find my way,</div><div align="center">I will make them give to me</div><div align="center">Immortality</div><div align="center">There is a vision and a fire in me</div><div align="center">I keep the memory of you and me,inside</div><div align="center">And we don't say goodbye</div><div align="center">We don't say goodbye</div><div align="center">With all my love for you</div><div align="center">And what else we may do</div><div align="center">We don't say, goodbye</div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-9804789121889649222009-05-09T21:17:00.000-07:002009-05-09T21:20:12.978-07:00Boyzone – Everyday I Love You<div align="center"><strong><em>Boyzone – Everyday I Love You</em></strong><br />I don't know but I believe</div><div align="center"> That some things are meant to be </div><div align="center">And that you'll make a better me </div><div align="center">Everyday I love you</div><div align="center"> I never thought that dreams came true</div><div align="center"> But you showed me that they do </div><div align="center">You know that I learn somethng new </div><div align="center">Everyday I love you </div><div align="center">'Cos I believe that destiny </div><div align="center">Is out of our control </div><div align="center">(don't you know that I do) </div><div align="center">And you'll never live until you love </div><div align="center">With all your heart and soul. </div><div align="center">It's a touch when I feel bad </div><div align="center">It's a smile when I get mad </div><div align="center">All the little things</div><div align="center">I am Everyday I love you </div><div align="center">Everyday I love you boy </div><div align="center">Everyday I love you</div><div align="center">'Cos I believe that destiny</div><div align="center">Is out of our control </div><div align="center">(don't you know that I do) </div><div align="center">And you'll never live until you love </div><div align="center">With all your heart and soul </div><div align="center">If I asked would you say yes? </div><div align="center">Together we're the very best </div><div align="center">I know that I am truly blessed </div><div align="center">Everyday I love you</div><div align="center">And I'll give you my best </div><div align="center">Everyday I love you</div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-15205192275747117632009-04-11T03:05:00.001-07:002009-04-11T03:05:42.815-07:00The Story of Carl Gauss<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Georgia; ">Carl Gauss, one of the greatest mathematicians, was born in 1777 in Brunswick, Germany. He was gifted mathematics and showed a talent in that field at an early age.</span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">A popular story about this mathematical genius goes like this....</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">One day, his primary school teacher asked all the pupils to find the value of:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" align="center" style="text-align:center">1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + . . . + 98 + 99 + 100</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">It was his teacher;s hope to use this lengthy addition of integers to quieten down the class.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">Surprisingly, the mathematical prodigy worked out the correct answer almost instantaneously!</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">Well? Don’t you want to know how he did it?</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">Gauss added 1 to 100, 2 to 99, ... each pair added to 101. There were such 50 pair from integers 1 to 100, he multiplied 50 by 101 to get the final answer, 5050.</p>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-16513216163300729162009-03-24T04:59:00.000-07:002009-03-24T05:03:43.687-07:00The Beauty of Mathematics and the Love of God<div id="page"> <div id="header"> <div style="CURSOR: pointer" id="headerimg" onclick="location.href='http://darvish.wordpress.com';"> <h1><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 24px; "><a title="Permanent Link: The Beauty of Mathematics and the Love of God" href="http://darvish.wordpress.com/2008/03/16/the-beauty-of-mathematics-and-the-love-of-god/" rel="bookmark" style="text-decoration: none;">The Beauty of Mathematics and the Love of God</a></span></h1></div></div><div id="content" class="widecolumn"><div id="post-318" class="post hentry category-books-writing category-commentary category-current-affairs category-islam category-islamic-artists category-religion category-spirituality-religion category-sufi category-sufism category-uncategorized tag-allah tag-attitude tag-beauty tag-beauty-of-mathematics tag-formula tag-god tag-kindness tag-knowledge tag-love tag-love-of-god tag-mathematics tag-peace tag-salaam tag-sum tag-symmetry tag-ya-haqq"><div class="entry"><div class="snap_preview"> <p class="MsoNormal">Here is an interesting and lovely way to look at the beauty of mathematics, and of God, the sum of all wonders.</p> <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff"><span><br /><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">1 x 8 + 1 = 9<br />12 x 8 + 2 = 98<br />123 x 8 + 3 = 987<br />1234 x 8 + 4 = 9876<br />12345 x 8 + 5 = 987</span></span><span style="COLOR: #3366ff"> 65<br />123456 x 8 + 6 = 987654<br />1234567 x 8 + 7 = 9876543<br />12345678 x 8 + 8 = 98765432<br />123456789 x 8 + 9 = 987654321</span></span></p> <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff"><br />1 x 9 + 2 = 11<br />12 x 9 + 3 = 111<br />123 x 9 + 4 = 1111<br />1234 x 9 + 5 = 11111<br />12345 x 9 + 6 = 111111<br />123456 x 9 + 7 = 1111111<br />1234567 x 9 + 8 = 11111111<br />12345678 x 9 + 9 = 111111111<br />123456789 x 9 +10= 1111111111</span></span></p> <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff"><br />9 x 9 + 7 = 88<br />98 x 9 + 6 = 888<br />987 x 9 + 5 = 8888<br />9876 x 9 + 4 = 88888<br />98765 x 9 + 3 = 888888<br />987654 x 9 + 2 = 8888888<br />9876543 x 9 + 1 = 88888888<br />98765432 x 9 + 0 = 888888888</span></span> </p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">Brilliant, isn’t it?</span></p> <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff"><br /></span></span></p> <div><span style="COLOR: #3366ff"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">And look at this symmetry:</span></span></div> <p></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">1 x 1 = 1<br />11 x 11 = 121<br />111 x 111 = 12321<br />1111 x 1111 = 1234321<br />11111 x 11111 = 123454321<br />111111 x 111111 = 12345654321<br />1111111 x 1111111 = 1234567654321<br />11111111 x 11111111 = 123456787654321<br />111111111 x 111111111 = 12345678987654321</span> </p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">Now, take a look at this…</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">101%</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">From a strictly mathematical viewpoint:</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">What Equals 100%?</span></p> <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">What does it mean to give MORE than 100%?</span></span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">Ever wonder about those people who say they are giving more than 100%?</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">We have all been in situations where someone wants you to</span></p> <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">GIVE OVER 100%.</span></span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">How about ACHIEVING 101%?</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">What equals 100% in life?</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">Here’s a little mathematical formula that might help</span></p> <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">Answer these questions:</span></span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">If:</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">Is represented as:</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26.</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">If:</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">H-A-R-D-W-O-R- K</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11 = 98%</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">And:</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">K-N-O-W-L-E-D-G-E</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5 = 96%</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">But:</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">A-T-T-I-T-U-D-E</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5 = 100%</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">THEN, look how far the love of God will take you:</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">L-O-V-E-O-F-G-O-D</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">12+15+22+5+15+6+7+15+4 = 101%</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">Therefore, one can conclude with mathematical certainty that:</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="COLOR: #3366ff">While Hard Work and Knowledge will get you close, and Attitude will<br />Get you there, It’s the Love of God that will put you over the top!</span> </p><p align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#3366FF;">- http://darvish.wordpress.com -</span></p></div></div></div></div></div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-30234446752276651352009-03-24T04:54:00.000-07:002009-03-24T04:57:16.353-07:00<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 11px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:24.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">N e s t e d M a g i c S q u a r e s </span><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.5pt">Algorithm by: Samavedula Sita Rama Sastry </span></p> <div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span lang="EN-US"> <hr size="2" width="100%" align="center"> </span></div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><br />Nested Magic Squares are magic squares with the special property that each sub-magic square within the original square is also magical, i.e the rows, columns, and diagonals add up to the same number (although to a number different than the original sum,... obviously) </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US">For example, in the 8 x 8 magic square: </span></p> <pre><span lang="EN-US">14<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>56<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>55<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>54<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>53<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>7<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>8<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>13</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">1<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>24<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>16<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>45<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>44<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>43<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>23<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>64</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">63<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>15<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>40<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>26<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>27<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>37<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>50<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">62<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>48<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>29<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>35<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>34<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>32<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>17<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>3</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">4<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>47<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>33<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>31<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>30<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>36<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>18<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>61</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">5<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>19<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>28<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>38<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>39<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>25<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>46<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>60</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">59<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>42<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>49<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>20<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>21<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>22<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>41<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>6</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">52<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>9<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>10<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>11<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>12<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>58<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>57<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>51</span></pre> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><br />the inner 6 x 6 square </span></p> <pre><span lang="EN-US">24<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>16<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>45<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>44<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>43<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>23</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">15<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>40<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>26<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>27<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>37<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>50</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">48<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>29<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>35<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>34<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>32<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>17</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">47<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>33<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>31<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>30<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>36<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>18</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">19<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>28<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>38<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>39<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>25<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>46</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">42<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>49<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>20<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>21<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>22<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>41</span></pre> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><br />is also magical and the magic sum is 195. This nested nature persists all the way to the inner 4 x 4 square. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US">The page describes an algorithm to generate "nested magic squares" of even and odd sided dimensions. The algorithm was developed by Sri. S. S. R. Sastry. Although the algorithm for generating odd sided magic squares is much simpler, it was the algorithm for even sided magic squares which was developed first. For even sided magic squares, the methodology differs slightly for "double even sided magic squares" (i.e when dimension is divisible by 4) and "single even sided magic squares" (i.e when dimension is divisible by 2 but not by 4). </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US">Tomas Ullrich jr. (tom_ullrich AT hotmail DOT com) has an excellent implementation of this algorithm on in Excel. Download the <a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/MagicSquares.xls">Excel</a> file or the <a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/MS.zip">zipped version of the same</a>. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US">Matlab files which implement the algorithm are also given. </span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/#odd%23odd">Algorithm for odd sided magic squares</a> </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/#even%23even">Algorithm for even sided magic squares</a> </span></li> </ul> <p><span lang="EN-US">A few other Matlab files are provided here as general utilitles: </span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/ismagic.m">ismagic.m</a>: For checking whether a general n x n matrix is a simple magic square (nested-ness and other special properties are not checked). If its not a magic square, returns why not. </span></li> </ul> <pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">» help ismagic</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>function [ismag, whynot] = ismagic(square)</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>square: square to be checked for "magicness"</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ismag: 1 if magical, 0 if not</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>whynot: if ismag == 0, then</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>whynot returns the reason why ismagic fails</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>whynot = 1 : not all elements from 1 to n^2 uniquely used.</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>= 2 : not all rows and columns add up to the same number</span></pre> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/writemag.m">writemag.m</a> For writing a general n x n matlab matrix as a ASCII file. Useful because the standard save function writes things as double precision digits instead of integers. I'm pretty sure I could have set some options, but small enough function... </span></li> </ul> <pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">» help writemag</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>function writemag(magicsquare, fname)</span></pre> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/tablemag.m">tablemag.m</a> For generating html tables of magic squares. It also paints each nested square differently to illustrate the nested nature of the square. For example, a 7 x 7 square is rendered as: </span></li> </ul> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellpadding="0" style="mso-cellspacing:1.5pt; margin-left:36.0pt"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">10</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">48</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">46</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">45</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">6</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">8</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">12</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">1</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">18</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">36</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">35</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">16</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">20</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">49</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">3</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">13</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#00008F">28</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#00008F">21</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#00008F">26</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">37</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">47</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">43</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">33</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#00008F">23</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#00008F">25</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#00008F">27</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">17</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">7</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">41</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">31</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#00008F">24</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#00008F">29</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#00008F">22</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">19</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">9</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">39</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">30</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">14</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">15</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">34</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#80FF8F">32</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">11</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">38</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">2</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">4</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">5</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">44</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">42</span></p> </td> <td style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#8F0000">40</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Note however that the html code for the tables tends to be bloated. For example, the 7 x 7 square above takes 64 lines of html to render. </span></li> </ul> <pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">» help tablemag</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>function tablemag(magicsquare, fname)</span></pre> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/colorstring.m">colorstring.m</a> This file is used by tablemag.m and should be placed in the same directory. This function takes a matlab colormap entry of the form [r g b] where </span><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">0 <= r,g,b <= 1</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> and returns a string which can be used as a colorname string for html documentation. </span></li> </ul> <pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">» help colorstring</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>function colstr = colorstring(colarray)</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>takes a matlab colormap entry of the form colarray = [r g b], </span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>where 0 <= r,g,b <= 1 and returns a string which can be used </span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>as a colorvalue attribute in html.</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>For example,</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>colorstring([0.2, 0.9, 0.6]) = '33e699'</span></pre> <div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><a name="even"><span lang="EN-US"> <hr size="2" width="100%" align="center"> </span></a></div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.5pt">Algorithm for even sided magic squares</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p> <p><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">Consider the construction of a magic square of dimension </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">n x n</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> where n is divisible by 2. We differentiate between 2 cases. When n is divisble by 4, i.e double even square and when n is not divisible by 4 i.e, single even square. The construction differs only slightly between these 2 cases. In both cases, the middle (n-2) x (n-2) square is filled with (n-2)^2 numbers from the middle of {1,...,n^2}. The periphery of the n x n square is filled with the first 2n-2 and last 2n-2 numbers from {1,...,n^2}. Here we describe how the first 2n-2 numbers i.e, from {1,..., 2n-2} are filled. The last 2n-2 numbers are filled opposing these so that the sum of opposing numbers is 1+n^2. </span></span></p> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark: even"><span lang="EN-US">The periphery consists of the following numbers: </span></span></li> <ul type="circle"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:list 72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Sp := {1, ..., 2 n - 2 }</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:list 72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Lp := {n^2 - 2 n + 3, ..., n^2}</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></li> </ul> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark: even"><span lang="EN-US">In the following steps, we describe how to fill the numbers in </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Sp</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> into the matrix. The numbers in </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Lp</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> automatically follow in such a way that opposing numbers sum up to </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">n^2 + 1</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark: even"><span lang="EN-US">Place 1 just below the top left corner </span></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark: even"><span lang="EN-US">If n is a single even number i.e, not divisible by 4, then place 2 just to the right of the top left corner. </span></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark: even"><span lang="EN-US">Fill in the next n-3 numbers in a sort of zig-zag pattern as shown in Figures 1 and 2. </span></span></li> </ol> <span style="mso-bookmark:even"></span><span style="mso-bookmark:even"></span><table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellpadding="0" style="mso-cellspacing:1.5pt; margin-left:36.0pt;mso-padding-alt:11.25pt 11.25pt 11.25pt 11.25pt"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"> <td style="padding:11.25pt 11.25pt 11.25pt 11.25pt"><pre style="text-align: center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">1</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">2</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align: center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">3</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align: center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red">4</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">5</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">6</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align: center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">Fig. 1: Filling in numbers from 2 to n-2 when<br /> n is divisible by 2. (Here, n = 8) </span></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:11.25pt 11.25pt 11.25pt 11.25pt"><pre style="text-align: center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">2</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">1</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">3</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align: center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">4</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align: center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red">5</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">6</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">7</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align: center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">8</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align: center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red">9</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">Fig. 2: Filling in numbers from 3 to n-1 when<br /> n is not divisible by 4. (Here, n = 10) </span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ol start="6" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark: even"><span lang="EN-US">Fill in the first and last cells of the first row with the last 2 numbers from </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Sp</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">. At this stage, we will have: </span></span></li> </ol> <span style="mso-bookmark:even"></span><span style="mso-bookmark:even"></span><table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellpadding="0" style="mso-cellspacing:1.5pt; margin-left:36.0pt;mso-padding-alt:11.25pt 11.25pt 11.25pt 11.25pt"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"> <td style="padding:11.25pt 11.25pt 11.25pt 11.25pt"><pre style="text-align: center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red">13</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">14</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align: center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US">1</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>2</b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>3</b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US">4</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US">5</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>6</b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">n = 8 </span></span></p> </td> <td style="padding:11.25pt 11.25pt 11.25pt 11.25pt"><pre style="text-align: center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red">17</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>2</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">18</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align: center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US">1</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>3</b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>4</b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US">5</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US">6</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>7</b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>8</b></span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><b><span lang="EN-US">9</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">n = 10 </span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ol start="7" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark: even"><span lang="EN-US">We are now left with some of the numbers from </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Sp</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">. These have to be filled into the top and bottom rows of the square such that the following conditions are satisfied: </span></span></li> <ul type="circle"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:list 72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">An equal number of elements of </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Sp</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> appear in the top and bottom row. This includes the 2 numbers filled in the top row in the last step, and may also include 2 in the case when n is not divisible by 4. </span></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo3;tab-stops:list 72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">The sum of the numbers in the top and bottom row are equal. </span></span></li> </ul> </ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:even"><span lang="EN-US">This is accomplished using the matlab function </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/distribute.m">distribute</a> as follows: </span></p> <ol start="7" type="1"> <ol start="3" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US">We first calculate how many numbers need to be filled in the bottom row. Call this </span><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">nlow</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US">Calculate how many numbers are remaining from amongst </span><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt">Sp</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">. Call these </span><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">remain</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US">Calculate the number to which the bottom row should add up at this stage. Call this </span><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">reqdlowsum</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US">Start with the largest </span><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">nlow</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> numbers from amongst </span><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">remain</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">. Call these numbers </span><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">selected</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US">If </span><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">sum(selected) > reqdlowsum</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">, move the smallest number of </span><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">selected</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> to the left till the numbers do add up to </span><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">reqdlowsum</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">. </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l7 level2 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US">If the sum cannot be attained by moving the smallest number amongst selected to the very left, move the next smallest number to the left and so on. Keep repeating till the sum is attained. </span></li> </ol> </ol> <p style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Once this distribution is done, we will have used up all the "smaller numbers". For the case, n = 8, we will get the following: </span></p> <pre style="margin-left:36.0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US">14</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">7</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">8</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>13</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US">1</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>2</b></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>3</b></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US">4</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US">5</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>6</b></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">9</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">10</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">11</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">12</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></pre> <ol start="8" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">The numbers from </span><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Lp</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> are then filled in so that the sum of "opposing" numbers is equal to 1 + n<sup>2</sup>). This will give: </span></li> </ol> <pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">9.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">14</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">56</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">55</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">54</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">53</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>7</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>8</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>13</b></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">10.</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">1</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">64</span></b></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">11.</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">63</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>2</b></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">12.</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">62</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>3</b></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">13.</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">4</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">61</span></b></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">14.</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">5</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">60</span></b></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">15.</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">59</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>6</b></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">16.</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">52</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>9</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>10</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>11</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>12</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">58</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">57</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">51</span></b></span></pre> <ol start="17" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">The algorithm then used recursively to fill in the n-2 x n-2 block of numbers in the middle. In Matlab speak: </span></li> </ol> <pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">18.</span></span><span lang="EN-US">>> lastsmall = 2*n-2;</span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">19.</span></span><span lang="EN-US">>> magicsquare(2:n-1, 2:n-1) = evenmagic(n-2) + lastsmall;</span></pre> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.5pt">Implementation </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US">The following matlab functions implement the algorithm described above: </span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l4 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/evenmagic.m">evenmagic.m</a> The main algorithm described above. </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l4 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/distribute.m">distribute.m</a> The algorithm mentioned at the end of step 4. </span></li> </ul> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">If you use the matlab files above, please retain the help comments acknowledging the source of the algorithm. I'd also greatly appreciate it if you dropped me a line at <a href="mailto:srinath_a@usa.net">srinath_a@usa.net</a>. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.5pt">Results </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US">The following text files contain some magic squares in plain ascii format. They were tested using the following matlab function <a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/ismagic.m">ismagic.m</a> </span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/mag30.txt">mag30.txt</a> a 30 x 30 magic square. </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/mag40.txt">mag40.txt</a> a 40 x 40 magic square. </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/mag80.txt">mag80.txt</a> a 80 x 80 magic square. </span></li> </ul> <div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><a name="odd"><span lang="EN-US"> <hr size="2" width="100%" align="center"> </span></a></div> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.5pt">Algorithm for odd sided magic squares</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p> <p><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US">The algorithm for generating odd sided magic squares is much simpler than the one for the even sided magic squares and will directly be explained using 2 examples without any equations. As with the even sided magic squares, because of the nested nature of the square, we only describe the method to fill the periphery. The inner square is filled with a recursize call to the same function. Consider filling a square of dimensions n x n (when n is not divisible by 2) </span></span></p> <ol start="1" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><span lang="EN-US">The periphery consists of the following numbers: </span></span></li> <ul type="circle"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:list 72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Sp := {1, ..., 2 n - 2 }</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:list 72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Lp := {n^2 - 2 n + 3, ..., n^2}</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></li> </ul> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><span lang="EN-US">In the following steps, we describe how to fill the numbers in </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Sp</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> into the matrix. The numbers in </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Lp</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> automatically follow in such a way that opposing numbers sum up to </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">n^2 + 1</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><span lang="EN-US">First we fill in all the odd numbers in </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Sp</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> in the following manner: </span></span></li> <ul type="circle"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:list 72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US">For </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">n = 9</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></li> </ul> </ol> <pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">1</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">3</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">5</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">9</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">11</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left: 72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">13</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left: 72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">15</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left: 72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">7</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US">Here, the odd numbers in </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Sp</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> are </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">{1,3,...,15}</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">. The middle odd number, 7, is placed at the center of the bottom row. The oddnumbers from </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">{1,...,5}</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> are placed in the first clumn starting from the 2nd row, while the odd numbers after the middle odd number, i.e from </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">{9,11,...,15}</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> are placed in the last column as shown. </span></span></p> <ol start="3" type="1"> <ul type="circle"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:list 72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US">For </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">n = 7</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">, we will have </span></span></li> </ul> </ol> <pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">1</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">3</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">7</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">9</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">11</span></b></span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left: 72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">5</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US">Notice that the manner of placing the odd numbers doesnt change from </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">n = 7</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> to </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">n = 9</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span></p> <ol start="4" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><span lang="EN-US">The even numbers are then placed in the first and last row as follows: </span></span></li> <ul type="circle"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:list 72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US">The last 2 even numbers in </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Sp</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> are placed in the first and last cells of the first row as shown (the numbers filled in this step are shown in red): </span></span></li> </ul> </ol> <pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">14</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">16</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">10</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">12</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">1</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>1</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">3</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>3</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">5</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>7</b></span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>9</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>9</b></span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>11</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>11</b></span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>13</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>5</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>15</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>(n = 7)</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>7</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>(n = 9)</span></span></pre> <ol start="4" type="1"> <ul type="circle"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7;tab-stops:list 72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US">The remaining even numbers are filled in as shown: (for </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">n = 9</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">) </span></span></li> </ul> </ol> <pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">14</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">8<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>10<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>12</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>16</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">1</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">3</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">5</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>9</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>11</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>13</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>15</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color: red">2<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>6</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>7</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US">i.e, the first half of the remaining even numbers go in the bottom row while the rest go in the top row as shown above. In exactly the same manner, the remaining even numbers for </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">n = 7</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></p> <pre style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><b><span lang="EN-US">10</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">6<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>8</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>12</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><b><span lang="EN-US">1</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><b><span lang="EN-US">3</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>7</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>9</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>11</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US">0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">2<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>5</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0</span></span></pre> <ol start="5" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><span lang="EN-US">At this stage, we have filled in all the numbers in </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">Sp</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">. The remaining peripheral numbers are filled in so that opposing numbers give a total of </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">1 + n^2</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">.<br /> For </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">n = 9</span></tt><span lang="EN-US">, we will have: </span></span></li> </ol> <pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">6.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">14</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">80<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>78<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>76<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>75</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>8<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>10<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>12<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>16</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">7.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">1</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">81</span></b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left: 36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">8.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">3</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">79</span></b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left: 36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">9.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">5</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">77</span></b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left: 36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">10.</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">73</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>9</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">11.</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">71</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>11</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">12.</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">69</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>13</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">13.</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">67</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>0<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>15</b> </span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">14.</span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color:red">66</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b>2<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>6<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>7</b><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><b><span style="color:red">74<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>72<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>70<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>68</span></b> </span></span></pre> <ol start="15" type="1"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark: odd"><span lang="EN-US">The inner square of dimension </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><tt><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt">n-2 x n-2</span></tt><span lang="EN-US"> is filled in with a recursive call to the algorithm. In matlab speak, </span></span></li> </ol> <pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">16.</span></span><span lang="EN-US">>> lastsmall = 2*n - 2;</span></span></pre><pre style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New""><span style="mso-list:Ignore">17.</span></span><span lang="EN-US">>> magicsquare(2:n-1, 2:n-1) = oddmagic(n-2) + lastsmall;</span></span></pre> <p><span style="mso-bookmark:odd"><span lang="EN-US">The following matlab function implements the algorithm described above: </span></span></p> <span style="mso-bookmark:odd"></span> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l5 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/oddmagic.m">oddmagic.m</a> The main algorithm described above. </span></li> </ul> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">If you use the matlab files above, please retain the help comments acknowledging the source of the algorithm. I'd also greatly appreciate it if you dropped me a line at <a href="mailto:srinath_a@usa.net">srinath_a@usa.net</a>. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:13.5pt">Results </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US">The following text files contain some magic squares in plain ascii format. </span></p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/mag51.txt">mag51.txt</a> a 51 x 51 magic square. </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/mag75.txt">mag75.txt</a> a 75 x 75 magic square. </span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~srinath/magic/mag99.txt">mag99.txt</a> a 99 x 99 magic square.</span></li> </ul> <div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span lang="EN-US"> Di salin ulang dari sebuah situs<hr size="2" width="100%" align="center"></span></div></span>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-3933808107984652042009-03-24T04:51:00.000-07:002009-03-24T04:53:44.024-07:00At The Beginning - Anastasia<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:normal"><u><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;">We were strangers starting out on our journey<br />Never dreaming what we'd have to go through<br />Now here we are and I'm suddenly standing<br />At the beginning with you<br /><br />No one told me I was going to find you<br />Unexpected what you did to my heart<br />When I lost hope you were there to remind me<br />This is the start<br /><br />(chorus)<br />And Life is a road and I want to keep going<br />Love is a river I want to keep flowing<br />Life is a road now and forever<br />A Wonderful journey<br /><br />I'll be there when the world stops turning<br />I'll be there when the storm is through<br />In the end I wanna be standing<br />At the beginning with you<br /><br />We were strangers on a crazy adventure<br />Never dreaming how our dreams would come true<br />Now here we stand unafraid of the future<br />At the beginning with you<br /><br />(chorus)</span></span></u></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:normal"><u><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;">And Life is a road and I want to keep going<br />Love is a river I want to keep flowing<br />Life is a road now and forever<br />A Wonderful journey<br /><br />I knew there was somebody somewhere<br />Like me alone in the dark<br />I know that my dream will live on<br />I've been waiting so long<br />Nothing's gonna tear us apart<br /><br />(chorus)<br /><br /></span></span></u></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:normal"><u><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;">And Life is a road and I want to keep going<br />Love is a river I want to keep flowing<br />Life is a road now and forever<br />A Wonderful journey</span></span></u></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:normal"><u><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><br />In the end I wanna be standing at the beginning with you</span> <o:p></o:p></span></u></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406055027500880788.post-40790363409181838612009-03-24T04:40:00.000-07:002009-03-24T04:46:17.302-07:00Welcome to My Blog!Selamat Datang di Blog Steven Aditya<div>Kalau ingin mengirim pesan, silahkan tulis di dinding komentar, atau kirim e-mail ke:</div><div>steven.aditya@gmail.com atau di Facebook.com </div><div> </div>Steven Aditya - Homehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09674760687495321408noreply@blogger.com0